What is Colposcopy?
What is Colposcopy?
Colposcopy: Detailed Examination of Cervical Health
Colposcopy is a diagnostic method that allows for a thorough examination of the cervix (cervix), vagina, and vulva. This procedure is particularly useful when smear test results are abnormal, as it allows for a closer assessment of cellular changes in the cervix. During a colposcopy, a specialized microscope called a colposcope is used to magnify the cervix for examination. This process enables the doctor to better visualize abnormal cells or tissues and, if necessary, take biopsies. Colposcopy is generally a painless procedure and is completed quickly.
When is Colposcopy Performed?
Colposcopy is typically recommended when abnormalities are found in smear test results. Smear tests are screening tests used to detect early changes in cervical cells. If smear test results show abnormal changes such as ASCUS, CIN1, CIN2, or CIN3, your doctor may suggest a colposcopy. Colposcopy may also be recommended for women with a positive HPV test. This allows for a more detailed examination of abnormal cells and, if necessary, biopsy collection.
How is Colposcopy Performed?
Colposcopy is performed similarly to a gynecological exam. The patient lies on an examination table, and the doctor uses a tool called a speculum to gently open the vaginal walls. Then, the colposcope is focused on the cervix to magnify and examine it. The colposcope is placed outside the vagina and does not enter the vaginal canal. Thus, the procedure does not involve invasive intervention. To better assess the cervix, the doctor may use special solutions like acetic acid or iodine. If a suspicious area is found, a small tissue sample may be taken for biopsy. While biopsies may cause mild discomfort, they are usually not painful.
What to Expect After Colposcopy?
After a colposcopy, most women can return to their normal daily activities immediately. If a biopsy is performed, light spotting or bleeding may occur for a few days, which is normal and usually resolves within a few days. Following your doctor’s recommendations is important for the healing process. Additionally, biopsy results may take a few weeks to come back, and based on those results, further treatment or follow-up plans will be determined. Although colposcopy typically carries little risk, in rare cases, complications such as infection or excessive bleeding may occur. If such situations arise, you should contact your doctor immediately.
Why is Colposcopy Important?
Colposcopy plays a critical role in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer and other serious conditions. When smear or HPV test results are abnormal, colposcopy helps determine the severity of cellular changes. Early diagnosis leads to more effective treatment and better outcomes. Therefore, colposcopy is considered an essential diagnostic tool for women’s health.
