What Is Preeclampsia (Pregnancy Toxemia)? Risks and Treatment
Pregnancy is a unique period that requires regular monitoring to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the baby. However, certain complications can arise that pose serious risks to the expectant mother. Preeclampsia, commonly known as pregnancy toxemia, is one of the most significant of these conditions.Typically occurring in the second half of pregnancy, preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and protein leakage in the urine. If not diagnosed and managed in time, it can lead to life-threatening complications for both the mother and the baby.
What Is Preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia is a condition that usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and is marked by high blood pressure and impaired kidney function.If it progresses, it can also cause damage to vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, and brain.Although it is relatively common among pregnancy complications, preeclampsia can be dangerous if not properly monitored and treated.
Symptoms of Preeclampsia
Symptoms can vary from one woman to another, but the most common signs include:
Blood pressure readings higher than 140/90 mmHg
Protein detected in urine
Sudden swelling (edema) in the hands, face, or feet
Headache, blurred vision, and light sensitivity
Pain in the upper abdomen
Rapid weight gain
If any of these symptoms occur, it is essential to contact an obstetrician immediately.
What Causes Preeclampsia?
The exact cause of preeclampsia remains unclear, but several risk factors are known to increase its likelihood:
First pregnancy
Twin or multiple pregnancies
Pre-existing chronic hypertension
Diabetes or kidney disease
History of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy
Maternal age over 35
Risks of Preeclampsia for Mother and Baby
If not diagnosed and treated promptly, preeclampsia can lead to serious complications:
For the mother:
Organ failure (liver, kidneys)
Eclampsia (seizures)
Cerebral hemorrhage (stroke)
Liver injury
For the baby:
Growth restriction (IUGR)
Preterm birth
Placental insufficiency
Low birth weight
In rare cases, fetal loss
Because of these potential complications, preeclampsia is considered one of the most serious pregnancy-related conditions affecting both mother and baby.
How Is Preeclampsia Treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy.
Close monitoring: In mild cases, the mother’s blood pressure and urine protein levels are checked regularly, along with blood tests.
Medication: Antihypertensive drugs and, when necessary, magnesium sulfate are prescribed to prevent seizures and stabilize the condition.
Rest and diet regulation: Reducing salt intake, maintaining hydration, and following a balanced diet can help manage symptoms.
Delivery planning: In severe cases, early delivery may be necessary to protect the lives of both the mother and the baby.
Can Preeclampsia Be Prevented?
While preeclampsia cannot be completely prevented, regular prenatal check-ups play a key role in early detection.Women with risk factors should be evaluated before conception and monitored carefully throughout pregnancy.Early recognition and proper medical management can significantly reduce complications.
Safe Pregnancy Monitoring with Op. Dr. Yeliz Akçelik
High-risk pregnancy conditions like preeclampsia require close supervision by an experienced obstetrician.At her clinic in Kartal, Op. Dr. Yeliz Akçelik provides comprehensive prenatal care — carefully monitoring maternal and fetal health, and applying individualized treatment plans to manage preeclampsia and other pregnancy complications.This ensures a safe and well-managed pregnancy for both mother and baby.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. When does preeclampsia most commonly occur?Usually after the 20th week of pregnancy.
2. What are the main symptoms?High blood pressure, swelling, headache, visual disturbances, and protein in the urine.
3. What happens if preeclampsia is left untreated?It can endanger both mother and baby, leading to organ damage or preterm birth.
4. Can women with preeclampsia have a normal delivery?It depends on the severity. In many cases, a cesarean section is preferred for safety.
5. Can preeclampsia cause growth problems in the baby?Yes. Placental circulation may be impaired, leading to fetal growth restriction.
6. Does preeclampsia occur only during pregnancy?Yes, it is specific to pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery.
7. Can preeclampsia risk be identified in advance?Risk factors can be recognized before or during pregnancy, but definitive diagnosis occurs after symptoms develop.
8. Does it persist after birth?In most cases, it improves after delivery, though short-term monitoring may still be required.
9. Can preeclampsia recur in future pregnancies?Yes, women with a history of preeclampsia have a higher risk in subsequent pregnancies.
10. Can women with preeclampsia have healthy babies?Yes. With proper monitoring and treatment, both mother and baby can experience a safe and healthy outcome.
