What is Miscarriage (Miscarriage)? Can it be prevented?
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion, is an involuntary pregnancy loss that typically occurs before the 20th week of pregnancy. It is commonly seen in the first three months of pregnancy, or the first trimester, and occurs in 10-20% of pregnant women. Miscarriage is a physically and emotionally challenging experience for the mother. Dr. Yeliz Akçelik provides comprehensive information about the causes, diagnosis, and prevention methods of miscarriage. Causes of Miscarriage The majority of miscarriage cases are due to genetic abnormalities in embryonic development. Other potential causes include: Hormonal Imbalance: Hormonal issues such as progesterone deficiency. Uterine Abnormalities: Shape abnormalities or fibroids in the uterus. Chronic Diseases: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, and autoimmune disorders. Infections: Rubella, cytomegalovirus, and sexually transmitted diseases. Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and excessive caffeine intake. Trauma: Injuries to the abdominal region or severe traumas. Symptoms and Diagnosis of Miscarriage The symptoms of miscarriage can vary depending on the pregnancy week and the mother's health condition. If any of the following symptoms are present, immediate medical attention should be sought: Vaginal bleeding or spotting. Severe abdominal or back pain. Discharge of tissue or blood clots. Sudden disappearance of pregnancy symptoms. Pelvic examination, ultrasound, and blood tests are typically used to make a diagnosis. Treatment Options After a miscarriage diagnosis, a treatment plan is prepared based on the mother's overall health condition and the type of miscarriage: Expectant Management: In early-stage miscarriages, the mother's body may be expected to expel the pregnancy tissue spontaneously. Medical Treatment: Medication therapy may be administered to clean out the remaining pregnancy tissue in the uterus. Surgical Intervention: D&C (Dilation and Curettage) procedure is a surgical procedure to remove the remaining tissues. Prevention of Miscarriage While miscarriage cannot be completely prevented, the following steps may help reduce the risk: Regular Check-ups: Regular gynecological check-ups before and during pregnancy. Healthy Nutrition: Following a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals. Avoiding Smoking and Alcohol: Abstaining from smoking, alcohol, and drug use. Chronic Diseases Management: Keeping diseases like diabetes and thyroid under control. Stress Management: Seeking psychological support when necessary. Frequently Asked Questions What is my risk of miscarriage? Approximately 10-20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage. The risk varies depending on the mother's age, medical history, and lifestyle. If I've had one miscarriage, will I have another? Having experienced one miscarriage does not increase the risk of having another. However, when consecutive miscarriages occur, the risk increases, and underlying causes should be investigated. Is bleeding always present before a miscarriage? Bleeding is common as a sign of miscarriage, but it doesn't always occur. Pain, tissue discharge, or loss of pregnancy symptoms can also indicate a miscarriage. What can I do to avoid a miscarriage? Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding stress, regular exercise, and staying away from alcohol and smoking are important. Additionally, follow the recommended check-ups by your doctor regularly. When can I try to conceive again after a miscarriage? You can usually try to conceive again 3-6 months after your body has recovered and with your doctor's approval. How do I physically recover after a miscarriage? Pain relievers, plenty of fluids, and rest are recommended after a miscarriage. If surgical intervention is performed, follow the instructions given by your doctor. Is psychological support necessary after a miscarriage? Yes, the loss of a miscarriage is an emotionally challenging process. Seeking help from a therapist or support group may be beneficial if needed. Can the cause of a miscarriage always be found? Not always. Genetic tests, hormone analyses, and infection screenings usually aid in determining the cause. What factors increase my risk of miscarriage? Factors such as age, previous miscarriages, chronic diseases, smoking, and obesity are among the risk factors. Are there any tests to be done before pregnancy? Comprehensive gynecological evaluation, infection tests, genetic counseling, and chronic disease screenings can help prevent miscarriage.
