What is Endometrial Thickening (Endometrial Hyperplasia)?
Endometrial thickening, medically known as endometrial hyperplasia, occurs when the lining of the uterus (endometrium) becomes abnormally thick. This condition is often caused by hormonal imbalances, particularly excess estrogen. If left untreated, it can lead to irregular menstrual cycles and, in some cases, an increased risk of uterine cancer.
Causes of Endometrial Thickening
Several factors contribute to endometrial hyperplasia, including:
Excess Estrogen: Hormonal imbalances before or after menopause can cause excessive growth of the uterine lining.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Women with ovulation disorders are at a higher risk.
Obesity: Excess fat tissue increases estrogen production, leading to abnormal endometrial growth.
Perimenopause: Hormonal fluctuations during this transition period can result in an irregular thickening of the endometrium.
Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: These conditions can disrupt hormonal balance and contribute to endometrial thickening.
Hormonal Medications: Long-term use of estrogen-containing drugs can cause the uterine lining to thicken abnormally.
Symptoms of Endometrial Thickening
Endometrial hyperplasia often presents with the following symptoms:
Irregular menstrual bleeding
Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
Spotting or bleeding between periods
Postmenopausal bleeding
Pelvic discomfort or pain
If you experience any of these symptoms, consulting a gynecologist is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis of Endometrial Thickening
Various methods are used to diagnose endometrial hyperplasia:
Ultrasound (Sonography): Transvaginal ultrasound is commonly used to measure endometrial thickness.
Endometrial Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken from the uterine lining for laboratory analysis.
Hysteroscopy: A specialized camera is used to examine the uterus directly.
Hormone Tests: Estrogen and progesterone levels are measured to assess hormonal imbalances.
Treatment Options
The treatment for endometrial thickening depends on the underlying cause, patient’s age, and severity of symptoms.
Hormonal Therapy
Progesterone-Based Medications: Used to balance estrogen levels and prevent further thickening.
Hormonal Intrauterine Device (IUD): Releases local progesterone to thin the uterine lining.
Surgical Treatments
Endometrial Ablation: A procedure that removes or destroys the thickened uterine lining.
Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A procedure to remove excess endometrial tissue.
Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus, recommended in severe cases or when cancer risk is high.
Does Endometrial Thickening Increase the Risk of Cancer?
Not all cases of endometrial hyperplasia lead to cancer. However, a specific type called atypical endometrial hyperplasia can increase the risk of uterine cancer. Regular medical check-ups and early diagnosis play a critical role in preventing complications.
Preventive Measures
Maintain a Healthy Diet: A balanced diet helps regulate hormone levels and prevents excessive weight gain.
Regular Exercise: Physical activity supports hormonal balance and reduces insulin resistance.
Monitor Hormonal Health: Regular gynecological check-ups are essential, especially after menopause.
Limit Alcohol and Smoking: Reducing these habits can help prevent hormonal imbalances and lower the risk of endometrial issues.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can endometrial thickening affect fertility?Yes, if caused by hormonal imbalances, it can make conception more difficult. Proper treatment can improve fertility outcomes.
2. Is postmenopausal endometrial thickening dangerous?Yes, endometrial thickening after menopause may indicate a risk of uterine cancer and requires immediate medical attention.
3. What happens if endometrial thickening is left untreated?Untreated cases can lead to severe bleeding, anemia, infertility, and in some cases, a higher risk of endometrial cancer.
4. Are herbal remedies effective for treating endometrial thickening?Some herbal treatments may support hormonal balance, but they should only be used under medical supervision.
5. Can endometrial thickening be completely prevented?While it cannot always be prevented, a healthy lifestyle and regular medical check-ups can significantly reduce risks.
Expert Care from Op. Dr. Yeliz Akçelik
Op. Dr. Yeliz Akçelik provides comprehensive diagnosis and personalized treatment plans for endometrial thickening and other gynecological conditions. If you are experiencing symptoms, early diagnosis and the right treatment plan are crucial. Contact our clinic for more information or to schedule a consultation.
